The Components Of Water Hammer Arresters

Water hammer, also known as hydraulic shock, is a common problem in plumbing systems that occurs when there is a sudden change in water flow velocity. This phenomenon can lead to loud banging noises, vibrations, and even damage to pipes and fixtures. To mitigate the effects of water hammers and ensure the longevity of plumbing systems, water hammer arresters are used. These devices act as shock absorbers, dissipating the excess energy and preventing potential damage.

Air Chamber:

An air chamber is a fundamental component of a water hammer arrester. It is a vertical pipe installed vertically or horizontally within the plumbing system, usually near fixtures or appliances that experience frequent water flow changes. The air chamber consists of a sealed section of the pipe that contains air. When water flow changes occur, the sudden surge of water compresses the air within the chamber, absorbing the excess pressure and reducing the effects of the water hammer. The air chamber acts as a cushion, effectively preventing the transmission of shockwaves through the plumbing system.

Piston:

Some water hammer arresters utilize a piston mechanism to absorb the shockwaves caused by the water hammer. The piston is a movable component housed within a cylinder. When water flow changes occur, the sudden pressure surge causes the piston to move, compressing air or gas in the cylinder. This compression absorbs the excess energy, reducing the impact of the water hammer. The piston is typically equipped with seals to ensure a tight fit and prevent water leakage.

Diaphragm:

Water hammer arresters may also feature a diaphragm as a key component. The diaphragm is a flexible membrane that separates the air or gas chamber from the water chamber within the arrester. When water flow changes, the pressure fluctuation causes the diaphragm to flex, absorbing the shockwaves and dissipating the energy. The diaphragm acts as a barrier, preventing direct contact between the air or gas and the water, thus maintaining the efficiency and effectiveness of the water hammer arrester.

Pressure Relief Valve:

In some water hammer arresters, a pressure relief valve is incorporated to further enhance their functionality. The pressure relief valve ensures that the pressure within the arrester remains within safe limits. In the event of excessive pressure buildup, the relief valve opens, allowing the excess pressure to escape and preventing damage to the plumbing system. The pressure relief valve acts as a safety measure, safeguarding the arrester and the overall plumbing system from potential failure.

Housing and Connections:

The components of a water hammer arrester are typically housed within a durable casing made of materials such as brass or stainless steel. The housing provides protection and insulation for the internal components, ensuring their longevity and efficient operation. The arrester is also equipped with appropriate connections, such as threaded or soldered fittings, to facilitate its installation within the plumbing system.

Water hammer arresters play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and functionality of plumbing systems by mitigating the effects of water hammers. The components within these arresters, such as the air chamber, piston, diaphragm, pressure relief valve, and housing, work harmoniously to absorb and dissipate excess energy caused by water flow changes. Understanding the importance of these components helps us appreciate the role of water hammer arresters in safeguarding plumbing systems, reducing noise, preventing damage, and ensuring the longevity of pipes and fixtures. With the proper installation of water hammer arresters and regular maintenance, homeowners and plumbers can effectively address the challenges posed by water hammers and maintain efficient and reliable plumbing systems for years to come.